Partition in Linux - if initially you are a windows user and want to move to open source/Linux before you want to use the Linux operating system (OS) then you must know about the type of partition partition that exists in linux is anything.
Linux is a Unix like operating system where the understanding of Unix like Is Linux is an operating system that is not a derivative of the Unix operating system but has a way of working and a directory system resembling Unix. Linux was created by Linus Benedict Torvald, who developed the minix kernel.
Minix is a small Unix operating system developed by Andrew S. Tanenbaum, he is a professor who wrestles with OS research from Vrije Universiteit, the Netherlands. This Minix is used for teaching and educational purposes.
Unix itself is an operating system that has been around for a long time, even Unix existed before the advent of microsoft's operating system, windows. Currently on server computers and other large computers use this Unix.
This Unix operating system is made specifically for certain types of machines, in contrast to Linux whose existence is intended for x86 architecture systems that are widely on the market the fundamental difference between linux and other operating systems is its Open Source nature.
One form of unix that is emulated by linux is the directory system where the directory system is different from that adopted by the windows family family as below.
Directory Structure In Linux
Description :
/ : Shows the highest hierarchy of the linux directory system where this directory is in charge of the Directory /user, / home, / mnt and other directories as shown above
/ bin: contains a program that contains commands used by ordinary users such as the LS command (displays the contents of a directory) cd (to switch directories)
/ sbin: contains a program that contains commands used by the super user such as ifconfig (displays information about the network card / network device installed on the machine).
/ home : contains data from users registered in the computer / machine concerned.
/ usr : contains program packages, documentation, configuration, applications, libraries and linux application sources.
/ opt: contains applications that can be accessed by all users (almost the same as /usr/sbin/.
/ root: is the” home " of the superuser / root / administrator.
/ tmp : stands for temporary is a directory that is provided when space is needed while doing the job, for example when doing the cd burn process then the image (iso file) by default is inserted into this directory before burning to cd.
/etc: in general, it is a directory where the configuration files of various services and programs are installed in the system.
/ mnt : contains device information mounted on the computer.
/ var: this directory contains vary data. Data changes in the active system are very fast. Data like this exists in a short time. Due to its ever-changing nature it does not allow it to be stored in directories such as “/etc”. Therefore, such data is stored in the var directory.
/ boot: contains information related to devices and services that run when the computer boots (the process of the computer from the state of off/off to on/on). In general, the linux operating system contains the directory mentioned above, but in some distributions, some specific directories are added such as / srv in the Suse family where the added directory has special functions that are sometimes not found in other distributions.
When installing it, it takes at least 2 partitions for a computer to install Linux OS, namely the root partition (denoted by / – distinguish by /root) and the swap partition.
The root partition ( / ) is used to install Linux systems, almost the same as C:Windows for Microsoft Windows operating systems. The swap partition is allocated as additional memory when RAM Memory is insufficient when the system loads a program, for example: load program X requires 1500 MB of memory while the installed RAM is 1000 MB / 1 GB then 500 MB of remaining memory required is taken from the swap partition that has been created.
Large swap partition required for RAM memory ? 1 GB is twice the RAM memory installed on the computer, except for RAM memory above 2 GB then the swap allocation does not have to be 2 times the RAM can be installed 1 GB or whatever the taste of each user.
For Linux installation, a minimum of 2 types of partitions are needed, namely the root partition and the swap partition :
1. Root partition
Root partition (denoted by / - distinguish with /root), the root partition ( / ) is used to install Linux systems, almost the same as windows systems that are usually placed on drive C.
2. Partition / swap
The SWAP partition is used as additional memory when there is insufficient RAM when the system runs a program. The size of the SWAP partition is usually 2x the size of RAM. So if the ram we use is 1gb then the size of the SWAP partition is 2gb.
3.Home-<url>
The /home partition is necessary to avoid losing data when your system crashes and needs to be re-installed. Conditions as above assumed hard drive is only used for one OS (linux). You can use Linux system files or Windows system files for this partition.
Partition / home in addition to being used for storage of User data is also used by some programs to put the configuration file. Adjust the size of the partition / home with the capacity of the hard drive.
In detail, you could have created more than two partitions for GNU/Linux. For example, special partitions for directories /boot, /home, /usr, /bin, /var, /etc or other additional partitions.
But, for beginners, it is enough to divide it into 3 partitions. Swap partition (1X computer RAM, adjust memory capacity), root partition ( / ) to shelter other directories, and /home partition to store data.
4. Partition / boot
The boot partition is used to store the boot loader files and all images of the kernel. The size of the boot partition usually has a minimum value of 100MB.
5. Partition / usr
The /usr partition is used to store all the binary files of the installed linux, therefore it must be given a fairly large size.
6. Partition / chroot
This partition is used to store components of the chroot, usually created on linux to be used as DNS servers.
7. Partition / cache
The cache partition is used to store the cache of a proxy server, for example squid. If linux is not used as a proxy server, it can be ignored.
8. Partition / var
The /var partition is used to store the file system log, that is, it stores all the changes that occur on the system when the system is running normally.
9.Partition / tmp
This partition is used to store temporary files.
That's the type of partition that exists in Linux, hopefully this article can be useful for those of you who read it.
Thank you so much